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The Township of Alfred, United Counties of Prescott and Russell, Ontario, was incorporated by county By-law effective January 2, 1854 under the terms of the Baldwin Act, Chapter 81, Canada Statutes, 1849.

The Algoma Art Society was formed at a meeting held at the Sault Ste. Marie Public Library on January 16, 1948. Mrs. Lydia Hargreaves was named as Honorary President with Stewart Mac Dougall as President. She aims of the society were to further the graphic arts, hold exhibitions of local talent and to bring in exhibits from the outside and to encourage the mutual assitance and exchange of ideas among members. A constitution was drawn up and activities started almost immediately with sketch nights set up at the Library. The first official exhibit of the society was held in November, 1948 and Miss Ada Wrong of Windsor was invited to create the work. The society has had many temporary homes. In 1949 a studio was sent across form Laurence's Drug Store on Queen Street. In 1951 the Art Society was offered the Knox Avenue studio of the late Mrs. Hargreaves. This proved too small and another move was made to the top of the Lyons Block at the corner of John and Wellington. The club then moved to the Art Room at the Memorial Gardens which was offered free of charge. In 1952 the Art Society began sponsoring weekend workings and summer courses with artists such as Gustav Weisman, Earl Schafer and Julia Crawford and a sketching trip with AY Jackson in 1954. In 1959 it was decided to make the summers school an annual event. Instructors included Aba Bayefsky, Loues Muhlstock, Robert Hedrick, Gerald Scott, Zoltan Szabo, and Herald Zeldin. Scholarships were awarded to promising high school students such as Ralph Robert Carmichael, Gwen Keathey and Ken Mac Dougall. The summer school was eventually taken over by Sault College.

The Algoma Central Railway Company, originally part of the industrial complex in Sault Ste. Marie developed by Francis H. Clergue, was incorporated by a Special Act of the Ontario Legislature in 1899. Its charter allowed the company to construct a railway between Sault Ste. Marie and the CPR with branches up to 12 miles in length; to operate telephone and telegraph lines; to operate steamships; to build and operate dock facilities and the right to secure grants and aid from government bodies. A Dominion Charter containing similar provisions was obtained the same year. By 1900. the first rail line between the Helen Mine and Michipicoten Harbour was completed and used for transporting iron ore. In 1901 the Algoma Central Railway Company changed its name to the Algoma Central and Hudson Bay Railway Company and its charter was amended to enable it to extend its line to James Bay. The company received cash and tax subsidies from all three levels of government and a land grant which included timber and mineral rights from the Provincial government for each mile of track completed. In return the company was to settle 1000 male immigrants each year along the line for ten years and was to establish a steamship line from Michipicoten Harbour to Sault Ste. Marie. The Algoma Central Steamship Line operated as a department of the company, running a fleet of lake boats which transported iron ore from Michipicoten Harbour to Sault Ste. Marie as well as carrying other freight. Following the crash of the Consolidated Lake Superior Company in 1902, the Algoma Central and Hudson Bay Railway Co.'s land grants which had been consigned to the Algoma Commercial Co.,were returned. In December 1914, the Algoma Central and Hudson Bay Railway Co. failed to meet interest payments on their first mortgage bonds and was thrown into receivorship. The Lake Superior Corporation had guaranteed the bonds but was unable to fulfill its obligations to the bondholders. On February 21, 1916 a Scheme of Arrangement was reached between the Lake Superior Corporation and the Bondholder's Committee. The Bondholder's Committee took control of the railway until the principle and interest of the bonds were paid in full. In 1931 a Scheme of Arrangement was reached which created the Algoma Consolidated Corporation. Through a series of transfers, the interests of the Algoma Steel Corporation and the Algoma Central and Hudson Bay Railway were separated. The Algoma Central and Hudson Bay Railway remained in receivorship until 1959. In 1937 the railway dropped the idea of extending its line to Hudson Bay, however it was not until 1965 that the railway changed its name back to the Algoma Central Railway Company. In 1990 the Algoma Central Railway Company changed its name to the Algoma Central Corporation and the company was divided into three distinct operating groups, Algoma Central Marine, Algoma Central Railway & Algocen Mines and Algoma Central Properties. In 1994 the Algoma Central Corporation sold its facilities at Michipicoten Harbour. Then in 1995 a deal with Wisconsin Central Railway to purchase the rolling stock was reached with the road beds, rails, buildings, yards and land corridor being purchased by the province and leased to Wisconsin Central Railway. In 1997 the Algoma Central Corporation sold its considerable land holdings north of Sault Ste. Marie to the McDonald Investment Co. Inc. of Birmingham, Alabama and in 1998 moved its offices to St. Catharines to be in closer contact with its Great Lakes shipping fleet which is now the company's primary focus.

The Algoma Central Telephone Company was incorporated in 1936 with a capitalization of $10,000. The 1899 charter of Algoma Central Railway allowed for it to operate telephone and telegraph lines along its rail lines. The company had operated a private line for the use of the company, but with the reopening of the Helen Mine in 1936, a telephone line was needed to link Wawa to Sault Ste. Marie. In February of 1957 two unsolicited offers were received to purchase the company. The Algoma Central Railway board decided to accept the offer by the Northern Telephone Company Ltd.

Algoma Central Terminals was incorporated by letters Patent on October 18, 1912 to own and operate railway terminal facilities. It was capitalized at $100,000. The company was created in reponse to the Algoma Central Railway's need for funds in order to complete its rail line to the National Transcontinental Rail line. The Algoma Central Railway needed to complete the rail line if it was to have any hope of becoming profitable however the company had reached the limit of what it could mortgage to raise the necessary funds. Following the incorporation of the Algoma Terminals Company, the directors of the Algoma Central Railway passed a resolution stating that the terminal facilities of the railway were no longer necessary to the operation of the railway. These facilities including tracks, land and buildings were then sold to the Algoma Central Terminals for $1 and then promptly leased back to the railway for 999 years. The Algoma Central Terminals then issued a series of first mortgage bonds which were sold in England. This raised enough money to complete construction of the rail line. Similarly the Algoma Eastern Terminals Co. was also created to own and operate the railway terminal facilities of the Algoma Eastern Railway and its mortgage bonds were also sold to raise funds. The Algoma Central Terminals went into receiverships with the Algoma Central Railway in February of 1915. A Scheme of Arrangement was reached with the bondholders in February of 1916. The Algoma Central Terminals was dissolved on November 30, 1955.

The Algoma Commercial Company Ltd. was originally part of the industrial complex developed by Francis H. Clergue in Sault Ste. Marie and was incorporated December 27, 1899 by Letters Patent in Ontario. Under its incorporation the company was to build and equip railways, acquire mining and timber lands and to manufacture raw materials. An Act of the Legislature in 1900 confirmed the incorporation and gave the company additional powers to acquire and hold shares in other companies and to operate mines. In 1900 the Algoma Commercial Company acquired the charter of the Manitoulin and North Shore Railway Company and the Ontario Hudson Bay and Western Railway Co. Mining was one of the Algoma Commercial Company's main activities and included iron ore prperties in both Canada and the United States as well as gold mines in Michipicoten and nickle properties near Sudbury. The Algoma Commercial Company also controlled the extensive land grants made to the Algoma Central & Hudson Bay Railway Co. by the various governments and was responsible for colonization under the terms of the land grants. Since much of the land was forested, the Algoma Commercial Company was also responsible for the woods operations which included the International Lumber Company.The Algoma Commercial Company also built and repaired railway cars and handled the real estate properties of the Clergue industries such as the townsite at Searchmont and hotels such as the Tagona Inn, the Algoma Inn at Michipicoten and the International Hotel. In 1903 the Algoma Commercial Company became a subsidiary of the Consolidated Lake Superior Company and after the reorganization of the Clergue industries, a subsidiary of the Lake Superior Corporation. In 1912, the Algoma Commercial Company was one of the companies which amalgamated to form the Algoma Steel Corporation Ltd. and all its assets were transferred to the new company.

The Algoma Consolidated Corporation was incorporated in 1931 to replale the Lake Superior Corporation as the holding company for the companies which had been part of the industrial complex developed in Sault Ste. Marie by Francis H. Clergue. The Scheme of Arrangement which became operational on June 15, 1931 was very complex. Through a series of agreements the Lake Superior Corporation lost all of its interests in the Algoma Central and Hudson Bay Railway and on third of its assets in all the other subsidiary companies and the shareholders of the Lake Superior Corporation acquired two thirds of the stock of the Algoma Consolidated Corporation. The Scheme of Arrangement failed when the Lake Superior Corporation's main asset, the Algoma Steel Corporation went into receivorship in 1932. In 1934, Sir James Dunn enlarged his control over the Algoma Steel Corporation and reorganized the company with the incorporation of Algoma Steel Corporation (1934). In 1936 Sir James Dunn moved to purchase any outstanding Lake Superior Corporation bonds and then wound up both the Lake Superior Corporation and the Algoma Consolidated Corporation in 1939.

Algoma Construction & Engineering Company Ltd.was incorporated with Ontario Letters Patent in 1916. Its purpose was to provide a pool of construction and engineering talent which would carry out construction projects for the Algoma Steel Corporation. The Algoma Steel Corporation owned all the shares in the company. The company was very active throughout 1917 and 1918 with projects such as the movement of the Midland blast furnace. In 1919 the directors of Algoma Steel Corp. decided that it was an unnecessary expense and its assets were sold to the Algoma Steel Corp. in May 1920 and its charter was surrendered in July 12, 1920.

Like the Algoma Central Terminals, the Algoma Eastern Terminals was incorporated by letters Patents on October 18, 1912, to own and operate railway terminal facilities. The company was created in order to raise the funds necessary for the construction of rail lines. As with the Algoma Central Railway, the Algoma Eastern Railway had mortgaged its entire assets. However the directors by passing a resolution stating that the terminal facilities (rails, land, terminal, etc.) were no longer necessary for the operation of the company and then selling these facilities to the Algoma Eastern Terminal for $1, gave the new company something which it could mortgage. The Algoma Eastern Terminals then leased back to the Algoma Eastern Railway the terminal facilities for 999 years. The Algoma Eastern Terminals created $300,000 of bonds. It sold all its bonds and shares to the Algoma Central Terminals for $738,000 cash which in turn sold these bonds through the Canadian Agency to raise money for the construction of the Algoma Central Railway's line to the transcontinental line. When the Algoma Eastern Railway was sold to the C.P.R. in 1930, the Algoma Eastern Terminals was not sold. Instead the company was retained by the Algoma Central Terminals until 1931 when it was disposed of as part of the Scheme of Arrangement.

The Algoma Iron Mining Company , originally part of the industrial complex in Sault Ste. Marie developed by Francis H. Clergue, was incorporated in Minnisota on November 20, 1902. It was a wholly owned subsidiary of the Algoma Commercial Company and its articles of incorporation stated that it was to carry out mining and working of iron ores and other minerals and the manufacture of iron, steel, copper and other metals. The Woodbridge Mine in Minnesota was held by the Algoma Iron Mining Company. In 1912 with the creation of the Algoma Steel Corporation, the assets of the Algoma Commercial Company were transferred to the Algoma Steel Corporation including those of the Algoma Iron Mining Company. The company was eventually dissolved.

The Algoma Iron Works Limited was incorporated on June 16,1910 with Letters Patent in Ontario. Originally it was established by Francis H. Clergue as the Algoma Iron Works, a department of the Sault Ste. Marie Pulp and Paper Co. to operate a foundry and machine shop to build equipment for the Clergue industries. On May 1, 1911 the Sault Ste. Marie Pulp and Paper Company conveyed land, buildings and equipment to the Algoma Iron Works in exchange for all the company shares. These shares were then transferred to the Lake Superior Corporation in 1912. On April 1, 1912, Algoma Iron Works Limited transferred its assets and liabilities to the Lake Superior Iron & Steel Company. The Lake Superior Iron & Steel Company then changed its name to the Algoma Steel Corporation. On December 20, 1913 the Algoma Iron Works Limited was dissolved and its charter surrendered.

Algoma Ore Properties Limited was incorporated with Ontario Letters Patent in February 1936. It was a wholly owned subsidiary of Algoma Steel Corporation in Sault Ste. Marie and had the power to carry on the business of mining, to manufacture iron and steel and to sell products so produced and carry on the business of transporting its products. The Algoma Ore Properties Limited was also authorized to acquire any assets of Algoma Steel Corporation including its mining properties. In 1934 Sir James Dunn introduced his plan to develop iron ore from the Michipicoten Range and reopen the Helen Mine which had been closed in 1921. On July 28, 1939 Algoma Ore Properties Limited produced its first ton of sintered ore just a month prior to the outbreak of WW II. In 1950 an underground mine was opened at the Helen Mine site, one of the few in the world. In 1960, Algoma Ore Properties Limited was wound up and became the Algoma Ore Division of the Algoma Steel Corporation. On December 10, 1997, the decision to close down its mining operations in Michipicoten was made and the mines were closed in June, 1998.

Algoma Rolling Stock Co. was incorporated in 1916 to purchase new equipment for the Algoma Eastern Railway. It was capitalized at $40,000. Only 7 shares were issued and all of them were allotted to the Algoma Eastern Railway.

The Algoma Shipping Company was incorporated in February, 1935 under the Companies Act of the Dominion of Canada and was a wholly owned subsidiary of the Algoma Central Railway. It was formed in order to purchase two ships from the Detroit Trust Co., the 'John J. Barlum' and the 'Thomas Barlum', which had been part of the defunct Barlum fleet. A separate company was formed in order to keep the ships out of the Algoma Central Railway's mortgage until the notes were paid. According to Barber the earnings from these two vessels kept the railway company going during the following years. The company was wound up in March, 1936.

The Algoma Central Steamships Ltd. was incorporated on August 28, 1951. It was a wholly owned subsidiary of the Algoma Central Railway and was established for the purpose of advancing money for the building of new vessels. The company was disbanded on July 31, 1987.

The Algoma Steel Company Limited was originally part of the industrial complex developed by Francis H. Clergue in Sault Ste. Marie and was incorporated with Letters Patent in Ontario on May 10, 1901. Its incorporation was confirmed by an Act of the Provincial Legislature in 1902. The company, a subsidiary of the Consolidated Lake Superior Company, was empowered to manufacture and deal in iron, steel, nickle, charcoal and timber and to build bridges, railway equipment and ships and to own and operate mines and to hold shares in other companies.The first steel made in Ontario and the first rail rolled in Canada was produced at its Bessemer plant in May, 1902.The Lake Superior Power Company became a wholly owned subsidiary of the Algoma Steel Company Ltd. in 1902. In 1903, the Consolidated Lake Superior Company was thrown into bankruptcy. On May 19, 1904 a new holding company, the Lake Superior Corporation, was formed and the various subsidiary companies were transferred under its control. On April 1, 1912, the assets and liabilities of the Algoma Steel Co. Ltd., the Lake Superior Power Power Co., the Algoma Commercial Co. and the Algoma Iron Works Ltd. were transferred to the Lake Superior Iron and Steel Co. At the same time the Lake Superior Iron and Steel Co. secured Supplementary Letters Patent to change its name to the Algoma Steel Corporation Ltd.

The Algoma Steel Corporation Limited in Sault Ste. Marie was formed on April 1, 1912, when the Lake Superior Corporation transferred the assets and liabilities of the Algoma Steel Company Ltd., Lake Superior Power Company, Algoma Commercial Company and the Algoma Iron Works Ltd. as well as the stocks of the Fiborn Limestone Company and the Cannelton Coal Company to the Lake Superior Iron and Steel Company. At the same time the Lake Superior Iron and Steel Company secured Supplementary Letters Parent to change its name to the Algoma Steel Corporation Limited. Originally all the companies had been part of an industrial complex built in Sault Ste. Marie by Francis H. Clergue known as the Consolidated Lake Superior Company. This company was replaced by the Lake Superior Corporation in 1904 following the bankruptcy of the Consolidated Lake Superior Company in 1903. In order to stabilize the Algoma Steel Corpration a Scheme of Arrangement was reached with bondholders in 1931 which created a new holding company, the Algoma Consolidated Corporation which separated the Algoma Steel Corporation from the Agoma Central and Hudson Bay Railway Company.These steps proved insufficent and on June 20, 1932 the Algoma Steel Corporation was placed in receivorship. It was at this time that Sir James Dunn moved to consolidate his control of the Algoma Steel Corporation. In 1934 Sir James Dunn reorganized the Algoma Steel Corporation incorporating in Ontario the Algoma Steel Corporation (1934), referred to as the New Company, on December 12, 1934. The transfer of the Old Algoma Steel Corporation's assets was completed in 1935. Under the control of Sir James Dunn, Algoma Steel Corporation underwent rapid expansion, the Helen Mine in Michipicoten was reopened and the townsite of Wawa was developed. Sir James Dunn also incorporated as subsidiaries of the Algoma Steel Corporation the Algoma Ore Properties Ltd., Algoma Tramways Ltd., Algoma Airways Ltd., Algoma Steel Products Ltd. and the Algoma Construction and Engineering Ltd. With the death of Sir James Dunn in 1956, a large portion of his shares were disbursed. In 1974, Canadian Pacific Investments gained control of the Algoma Steel Corporation which it sold to Dofasco Steel of Hamilton in 1988. In 1991 Dofasco divested itself of Algoma Steel and Algoma Steel sought bankruptcy protection until it could be restructured. On June 2, 1992 the new company, Algoma Steel Inc. was formed with employees holding 60% of the common shares and having representation on the Board of Directors.

Algoma Steel Products Limited was incorporated in 1911 in Manitoba by the Algoma Steel Corporation in Sault Ste. Marie. Its head office was in Winnipeg and it was formed to give the Algoma Steel Corporation a sales agency which was licensed to operate in Quebec and the western provinces.

Algoma Tramways Ltd. was incorporated in 1937 under Ontario Letters Patent to carry on the business of transporting goods of the Algoma Steel Corporation and Algoma Ore Properties Ltd. The company was the legal entity which governed the operation of the aerial tramways which carried crushed ore from the mine face to the sinter plant. The construction of the tramway allowed Sir James Dunn to by-pass the Algoma Central Railway in the transportation of ore and was part of his scheme to force the Algoma Central Railway into bankruptcy so that he could acquire it. Eventually Dunn was forced to abandon this plan when the tramway did not have the capacity to carry the incresed amount of ore with the expansion of the sinter plant. With the Algoma Central Railway transporting the ore, the company's charter was surrendered in 1955.